Consolidation of mass-media essays

Consolidation of mass-media essays The most revered and respected of all rights we Americans share is the freedom of speech; moreover, the freedoms of a free press. These freedoms are basic necessities of a free and fare society. Walter Lippmann said that a free press should consist of many newspapers decentralized in their ownership and their management, and dependent for their support... upon the communities where they are written, where they are edited and where they are read(Blethen B07). Consolidation of our nations mass-media outlets threatens the essence of integrity in our nations free speech, and freedoms of a free press. Many would wonder why such a thing would be permitted, if the repercussions of such actions would be so damaging. In fact if you look back in time there was a concern to such a problem. Thus many laws were drafted to prevent such occurrences. For instance the Local Radio Ownership Cap of 1947 limited number of stations on company can own in a single market (The). The National TV Ownership law of 1941 stated that a company may not own stations that reach more than 35 percent of the national audience (The). The Dual Television Network rule of 1946 prevents one company from owning two of the top four television broadcast networks (The). The Duopoly rule of 1964 that a single company may own two television stations in a single market only if one or both of them is not rated among the top 4; moreover, that there will be at least eight remaining Independent stations after the acquisition (The). The Radio/TV Cross-Ownership Restriction of 1970 limits the ownership in the markets in regards to how many stations one company can own in a single market, and is different depending upon the size of the market (The). The Newspaper/Broadcast Cross-Ownership Prohibition of 1975 states that broadcast companies may not buy newspapers in communities where they own stations (The). These rules and regulation...

The Concept of Islam Religion Essay

The Concept of Islam Religion Essay The Concept of Islam Religion Essay Islamic Religion and the State Islam is depicted as a way of life. However, this eliminates the fact that it is a political phenomenon. Islam is a religion which is a social aspect rather than political. Islam is a peculiar concept of secularism. This means that Islam opposed the idea that it should involve itself with other parts of life. Islam, as a religion, was also seen as a good way of governing society, and this should be incorporated to the modern society. As a result, a political institution had no place in the Muslim society. Every individual of the Muslim society was seen to be guided by the teachings of Islamic laws, rather than the set political structure. Islam was a religious way of life. It was also seen as a form of governance. Islam scholars argued that Islamic values and the way of life had a similar style of governance like most of western government. They depicted this as an effective way and did not consider political organization of any other nature. Those who were supporting political society were regarded as modernists, but many of the scholars who were traditionalists were against this. They saw this as a violation of Islamic state laws. Islamic state was honored since they believed that, it was drafted by Prophet Muhammad. They believed that Islam was a sacred institution that was not to assimilate any form of foreign intervention. Rules that were outlined by religious values and there was no need for political intervention. Islam, from the early beginnings, did not have separation between politics and other social values. Islam, therefore, did not require any organization to govern the Muslim society. Political instituti on was eliminated since leaders were seen as ordained by God. In addition, Muslim society did not see any person above the law and hence did not require any political leaders. Formulation of Modern Religious Concept Awareness about religion defined the starting of various chapters of different beliefs. Religion opened a new face to identify one’s own belief as the only factual compared to other people’s belief. Concept of religion began during the Medieval Ages. Faith justification and disbelief in modern science had discarded all the theories that had been formulated. As a result, changes in the general order of the society were explained through religion. Religion became very dominant that, incidents were to be clarified through people’s belief. Religion established itself during the seventeenth century. Ideas of various reformers of the sixteenth century were deserted, and natural religion was accepted. The path to the enlightenment of religion was as a result of fully secularized, privatized individuals highly motivated by answering questions of what affected humankind. There was also desire by people to associate themselves as God’s creatures and had authority fr om Him. Formulation of Islam religion by the Western intellectual discourse was a hypothesis. However, this formed the source of various debates. Western intellectual discourse about the Islam is depicted as an imbalanced game. These intellectuals are mostly seen as Christians. Therefore, the discourse that is carried out seems to be incomplete and thus contain a lot of controversies. The western intellectuals did not have a proper analysis of the formation of Islam. There were theories by western writers of generating Islam origin. The concept of generic Islam was disturbing the intellectuals formulated two paths of how Islam was formed. Islam was constructed through the paths of essentializations which were more offensive and the other being defensive. Visit our religion essay writing service if you need a custom written paper on your topic. Fill in the order form with all essay details and have your paper written by !

Melbourne Target research raport Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Melbourne Target raport - Research Paper Example The business assigned to this DMO is to increase the public image or tourism to Melbourne. Melbourne is Victoria’s primary tourist destination and is the gateway to Regional Victoria. It is the cultural capital and the second largest city of Australia. Overlooking the Port Philip Bay, Melbourne attracts a large number of both national and international visitors. It has places of historical and cultural interest, apart from the shopping malls situated alongside the parks and gardens (Totally Australia, 2010). The city is now seen as the nation’s leading destination for style, romance, cafà ©s, bars and nightlife (Destination Melbourne, 2009). Melbourne boasts of world class restaurants and theatres and is considered the top Australian destination for shopping. It has the potential to be the main point of entry for overseas tourists. However, Melbourne has not been able to attract international students because of growing violence issues (ABC News, 2010). This image should not impact the tourism sector. Thus, to develop Melbourne as a prime destination, it is essential to evaluate the demographics, the needs and wants of the customers that are keen to visit Melbourne. Based on this study, the marketing strategy to promote Melbourne as a tourist destination will be devised. The biggest age group among the domestic overnight tourists (21.9%) that traveled to Melbourne in the year ended March 2010 was ‘35 to 44 years’ followed by ‘45 to 54 years’ (20.4%) and ‘55 to 64 years’ (15.4%). Approximately 20.9% Australians prefer to visit Melbourne (Destination Melbourne, 2009). Almost 46% of the visitors prefer to stay the night with friends or relatives while 17.4% of the visitors look for hotels or inn below 4-star category. Those looking for luxury hotel or resort comprise of 16.5 percent. While at Melbourne, people love to eat out (66.7%). Domestic tourism brings in $4.6 billion in Melbourne and the average spend per night is

Water Footprint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Water Footprint - Essay Example The essay "Water Footprint" presents a website as an excellent resource to get an idea about how water footprint provides insight into the way different countries utilize their water resources by observing the larger countries that are economically significant and have larger footprints which are perhaps a way of saying that their economies are growing, since a major limitation in the economic growth of countries is the availability of water resources. The water footprint measures the amount of water used to produce each of the goods and services we use. It can be measured for a single process, such as growing rice, for a product, such as a pair of jeans, for the fuel we put in our car, or for an entire multi-national company. The water footprint can also tell us how much water is being consumed by a particular country – or globally – in a specific river basin or from an aquifer.In this regard, USA, China and India appear quite significant. Additionally, I have observed that regions of the earth like the north Africa have scarce water resources, and hence both their water footprint as well as their economic growth are minimal. So, they have to rely on imports to meet their needs and in the process, they have to spend their valuable resources to import from countries that have abundant water resources and hence sound growing economies. This clearly indicates that the knowledge about water footprint is essential to understand how different countries are performing on a global scale.

Market Research on Luxury Watches Essay Example for Free

Market Research on Luxury Watches Essay Market Trend There was a slow-down in the growth in sales of premium and luxury watches in India in 2008-’09. It prompted the market leader Titan industries to enter the economy market. Following the footsteps, luxury watch brands like Tag Heuer and Rolex introduced low-price models. But in recent years, mobile phones may also have dampened growth in the penetration of watches in India, as they provide a time read-out as well as alarm and other time-related functions. Watch industry experts believe that their product’s original function is increasingly losing importance, and that wristwatches are now being bought as fashion accessories. Owning more than one watch is like owning different pieces of jewellery. Competitive landscape The economy watch demand is being met for the most part by the unorganised sector and by direct imports. The premium segment is increasingly being peppered by fashion brands such as Esprit, Swatch, Fossil and Tommy Hilfiger. There has also been strong value growth for these brands, with growing demand from middle- and upper-income groups in urban India. Titan, HMT and Maxima are the leading Indian players and Timex, Casio and Swatch are now the strong multinational players in the market. More multinationals are entering the retail market, but no new domestic companies have done so, and the multinationals’ share of value sales has increased over the review period. Premium Brand Product Perception With the watches market in India now becoming fashion and style driven, especially at the premium end, companies now launch models and designs every six months. International brands such as Fossil launch spring/summer and winter ranges. Titan, on the other hand, times its launches to fit in with the Indian festive season – Deepavali and weddings. Companies like Casio and Swatch and luxury brands like Rolex are exploring a niche market for chronographs, but this is currently negligible. Companies also need to respond to product innovations. The Citizen eco-friendly watch has been well received in India and is reportedly selling well in its price bracket, eliminating the trouble of replacing batteries and encouraging the use of multiple watches. Apparel brands such as Esprit, Tommy Hilfiger, Benetton and Levi’s have all gained familiarity among India’s urban youth, who may become more willing to try these brands’ premium watches. Affluent, urban Indians may feel more comfortable about buying premium watches, while continuing to regard luxury watches as examples of overindulgent or insensitive spending. ‘New’ Rich India : The ‘New’ rich India is now indulging into the experience of owning Luxury Brands. Indias rapidly growing high-end retail market is expected to increase from the around $3. 5 billion in 2008 to $30 billion by 2015. Luxury clothing, fragrances, premium wine, high-end watches have achieved good penetration among male Indian consumers. Among women, jewellery and cosmetics can already boast high levels of awareness, followed by categories such as handbags and mobile phones. These items, while not necessarily being better (in quality, performance, or appearance) than their less expensive substitutes, are purchased with the main purpose of displaying wealth or income or status symbol of their owners. There is a distinct shift from ‘Old luxury’ to ‘New luxury’. Old luxury is defined by the attributes, qualities and features of the product, whilst ‘New luxury’ is defined by the consumer’s point of focus on the experience that their purchase stimulates and not in ownership or possession of the product itself. † The customers Redefined luxury as they believe it to be a sign of self worth They are worth it; it authenticates the buyers success and status; it is a signal to others that the owner is a member of an exclusive group; They require flawless performance in this application, the cost of product malfunction is too high to buy anything but the best. Motivation of Study: The matter of wearing and enjoying fine timepieces is a passion that these days must be justified. We like nice expensive watches even though cheap watches exist to do the same thing. Hence like any other luxury good , today modern shoppers buy luxury goods to reward themselves, to satisfy psychological needs or to make themselves feel good to show off their personality or to boost their self-esteem. Contribution of the research: This study aims to understand the above said consumer buying behaviour which will help the present marketing Managers to better reposition their branding and advertising strategy to capture the correct target market for luxury products to boost the sales in times where economy are at a challenge. Literature Review: Research Objective: This study intends to find out if consumer buying behaviour of young purchasers are influenced by factors such as premium price of luxury watches, perceived quality of luxury watches, societal status and brand loyalty associated with the consumption of luxury brand. This study also intends to evaluate whether perceived qualities of the luxury branded watch have influence on the buying decision of consumer. It is also intended to determine whether the high quality standards of luxury watches are the reasoning consumers opt for the luxury watches. Affiliations of social status of acquiring certain luxury branded goods will also be studied to understand whether consumer buying luxury branded goods just for the matter of being affiliate with certain quarters of people having the same luxury brand of goods. This study also will also evaluate whether brand loyalty of luxury brand will influence the buying decision of consumer. This study also aims to uncover whether a person who has been abroad is a reason for the consumer purchasing a luxury watch Research Question: The purpose of this study is to evaluate what motivational factors encourage consumers into purchasing luxury brand watches . In evaluating this statement , this study aims to answer the following questions : †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Is it the price or the type of users of the brand that drives the buying behaviour of the consumer for luxury branded goods? Is it the strong emotion of discriminating themselves with the lower class consumers that drives higher class consumers to turn to luxury brands? Is it the tag name of a mega brand that drives the long term demand for that luxury brand? Is gender a deterministic factor in deciding the purchase of a luxury brand? If yes then what factors are important gender wise ? Is it the product utility or the brand perception that is key for luxury watch brands? Will a person’s visit abroad influence his decision to purchase a luxury watch? Previous Research contribution : Findings of overall previous research indicate that individual’s preferences plays a key role in purchasing luxury goods. Individual’s preferences may be based on desire and non-desires, which are based on experience in purchasing luxury items from their satisfaction, or nondesire such as bias towards brand products. Leibenstein (1950, p. 188) classified demand of goods and services consumption in relevant to motivation into two main aspects: functional and non-functional. Functional demand is â€Å"demand for a commodity which is due to the qualities inherent in the commodity itself†. On the contrary, demand of goods consumption that comes from other factors, which is not the product quality, is defined non-functional demand. The outcome from Leibensteins (1950) study especially stresses the role of interpersonal effects towards luxury brands consumption, and derived three main effects; Veblen, Snob, and Bandwagon INTERPERSONAL EFFECTS Perceived Conspicuous Value Perceived unique Value Perceived Social Value Ostentation Non-Conformity Conformity VEBLENIAN SNOB BANDWAGON Interpersonal effects (Vigenron Johnson) (1999 p. 7) Veblen Effect: The Veblen effect can be explained through conspicuous consumption in which people feel that it is necessary to purchase luxury products because they have a high price tag (Leibenstein, 1950). Conspicuous consumption is use by people to show wealth, power and status (Veblen, 1899). Prices of product have a significant aspect in consumers’ opinion of quality (Vigneron Johnson, 1999). Studies by Erickson Johansson (1995) have shown that price is used to judge quality of luxury products between a range of brands. Usually people would associate high prices with better quality. Additionally, those who do associate high prices with better quality would also suggest that high prices show a considerable amount of prestige (Lichtenstein et al. , 1993). Snob Effect: The snob effect takes into account personal and emotional desires (personal effects), and the influence of other people’s behaviour (interpersonal effects) towards the purchasing of luxury brand products (see Figure 1). The snob effect can be further explained through two circumstances. Firstly, the launch on new products which creates exclusivity in which the snob would purchase the product immediately because a minor amount of consumers at that particular time would have acquired it. Snob consumers only purchase limited items that have a high value, whereas those readily available are less desirable. Rare items demand respect and prestige (Solomon, 1994,p. 570). Products that are viewed as unique, popular, and expensive causes a higher demand for consumers (Verhallen Robben, 1994), especially snob consumers. Snyder and Fromkin (1977) support the statement by Verhallen and Robben (1994) suggesting that people have the desire to be unique. India:The Affluent Masses: Luxury volumes have been spurred by a significant growth in the rich in recent past. The new rich come in varied shapes, sizes and style quotients. Exporters, multinational bankers, college kids earning plum salaries at call centers or BPO operations, well-heeled corporate wives, and successful entrepreneurs. What they have in common is that they have very high purchasing power Bandwagon Effect : The bandwagon effect represents consumers who purchase luxury products because they wish to fit in with a particular group. For example, people would consume products that are fashionable and stylish to associate themselves to similar people (Berry, 1994). Dubois Duquesne (1993) explains that the snob and bandwagon effect are not alike. Although the similarity between the bandwagon and the snob effect is that people wish to enhance their self-concepts, the differentiation is that they purchase luxury items for different reasons. Bandwagon consumers purchase items to be fit in with others, whereas snob consumers purchase items to be unique and stand out. Individuals who fit in with groups that purchase luxury brand products and/ or wish to differentiate themselves from people who do not purchase luxury brands are influenced by the bandwagon effect (Vigneron Johnson,1999) Luxury is reward :First time/New Purchasers :They use luxury goods as a status symbol to say â€Å"I’ve made it! †. They are motivated by their desire to be successful and demonstrate this to others. Luxury brands that have widespread recognition are popular; however they don’t wish to appear lavish or hedonistic in their appearance. They want to purchase â€Å"smart† luxury that exhibit importance while not leaving them open to criticism. Personal Effects : Consuming luxury products can also be from personal desires and taste. PERSONAL EFFECTS Perceived Emotional Value Perceived Quality Value Self-Actualization Reassurance HEDONIST PERFECTIONIST Personal effects (Vigenron Johnson) (1999 p. 8) Hedonic Effect The hedonic effect occurs when consumers purchase luxury products and value the item. People who purchase items for self-fulfillment (e. g.inner direct consumers, Riesman, et al. , 1950, or role relaxed consumers, Kahle, 1995), and those who are not affected by interpersonal influences (e. g. conforming to group norms,Bearden, et al. , 1989) represent the hedonic effect. Dichter (1960) explains that motivation of noncognitive and unconscious is able to persuade consumer preference of products. Products that are consumed are known to have an emotional value that is added to their character (Vigneron Johnson, 1999). When consumers purchase luxury products they expect that the item will offer benefits such as exclusiveness. Dubois Laurent, (1994) stated that if products create an emotional value for consumers, it represents that the product is beneficial and holds an important characteristic. Perfectionist Effect The perfectionist effect exists when consumers purchase luxury items and expects superior products and performance as well as quality (Vigneron Johnson,1999). People who represent the perfectionist effect are those who are associated to personal values and judge a product according to their value of a luxury band product. An example of the perfectionist effect is when consumers are purchasing a luxury watch they expect it to be accurate. According to Groth and McDaniel, (1993, p. 10) stated that â€Å"high prices may even make certain products or service more desirable†, because people view products with high prices with great quality (Rao Monroe, 1989). Additionally, consumers may assess the level of how luxury a product is by its quality (Vigneron and Johnson, 1999). Methodology Research Method: Quantitative data consists of closed end information that includes numerical figures. The study has collected quantitative data by applying closed-end questions towards a questionnaire. Focus Group Discussion to understand attributes both physical and emotional that influence the purchase of a luxury watch. The group comprised of 7 individuals , 3 female and 4 male participants who have been users of luxury watches. Data Collection: Primary Data collection: Gathering information from consumers of luxury watches through online questionnaire survey Secondary Data Collection: Research insights and hypothesis design with the help of previously published research work on luxury goods buying behaviour. Sampling: Non-probability sampling method is adopted. Since the target audience or respondents of interest are consumers of premium or luxury watches, the sampling method adopted here is convenience sampling and snow-ball sampling. Measurement Scaling: Measurement Techniques used ? Perception map : ? Utility of features in the watch : Chronograph, Double dial, Indicator light etc. ? Stylish Designs that make the watch a fashion statement Respondents were asked to rate the 10 different brands in order to obtain their perception of these brands on the above defined dimensions Based on two predefined dimensions i. e ? ? ? Exploratory Factor Analysis : To understand the underlying factors influencing the purchase behaviour of luxury watch for men women and overall Regression: To understand which interpersonal personal effect is critical when consumers make a luxury watch purchase decision Discriminant Analysis: To understand the group behaviours based on the following discriminating variable ? Gender ? Trip abroad ? Work Experience:Purchasing power ? AMOS : Confirmatory Factor analysis to ascertain the Exploratory Factor Analysis RESULT AND ANALYSIS 1. Discriminant Analysis: Work-Ex Fresher Inference: Wilk’s lambda (0.627) is more than 0. 4 which is not significant; Box M test is also insignificant However based on analysis top 5 attributes discriminating work ex fresher are Attributes Q5_7_attribute_analog Q5_2_attribute_alarm Q5_12_attribute_torch Q5_9__attribute_calculator Q4_8_attribute_celebrity_endorsement Variable weight of discriminating function -. 366 . 361 . 331 . 271 . 262 2. Discriminant Analysis: Gender Inference: Wilk’s lambda (0. 578) is more than 0. 4 which is not significant; based on analysis top 5 attributes discriminating males females Attributes Variable weight of discriminating function. Q4_3_attrifashion_statement Q5_3_attribute_dualclock Q5_13_attribute_barometer Q5_8_attribute_motionsensor Q9_2_buy_in_store .329 -. 285 -. 269 -. 259 -. 255 3. Discriminant Analysis: Abroad Visit Inference: Wilk’s lambda (0. 573) is more than 0. 4 which is not significant; however based on analysis top 5 attributes discriminating foreign visited and not visited people Attributes Q5_9__attribute_calculator Q5_6_attribute_color Q5_16_attribute_warranty Q5_11_attribute_straptype Q4_9_attribute_brand_image Variable weight of discriminating function . 228 . 225 . 221 -. 207 -. 205 3) Exploratory Factor Analysis-(Male Female) Research Question:- Is gender a deterministic factor in deciding the purchase of the luxury watch. If yes what factors are important gender wise? Hypothesis:- Women while making luxury goods purchase give more importance to emotional factors whereas Men go for Physical Utility features Factor analysis for male respndents(58 males) Results:? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Fac1(Ostentation): o o o o o o o o ? ? ? ? ? ? Sth to remmeber, hand gesture, to be unique Fac2(value added feature) Calculator,digital,compass. Fac3(Generic requirements) Shape, water resistance Fac4(Economic requirements) Discounts Fac 5(Tech savvy) Compass, Motion sensor Fac 6(basic) Analog,water resistance Fac 7(Wrist suitability) Strap type Fac 8(extra feautres):Date and day display, brand image Exploratory factor analysis female Respondents (23 females):Fac1(Economical): o o o o o o Warranty, after sales, analog, emotional satisfaction Fac2(Style) Social status, to be unique, fashion statement Fac3(Special requirements) Alarm,altimeter, digital,dual clock Fac4(value added feature) Calculator,compass,barometer, torch Fac 5(Tech savvy) Hand gesture,discount Fac 6(Exclusivity) Motion sensor,alarm,brand image Result Analysis:? Men:o Attach importance to Ostentaion, value added feaures and style(veblenian effect and perfectionist effect are dominating) ? Women:o Style, Economic attributes an generic requirements ( Hedonist and snob effects dominate 4. Checking the Interpersonal and personal effects shown by males and female while purchase of luxury watch in Store Research Question:o Is it the price or the type of users of the brand that drives the buying behaviour of the consumer for luxury branded goods? o Is it the strong emotion of discriminating themselves with the lower class consumers that drives higher class consumers to turn to luxury brands? o Is it the product utility or the brand perception that is key for luxury watch brands? Hypothesis:-Luxury watch purchase is primarily to show off and as an indicator of status symbol: veneblian effect. Users also buy luxury watches due to perceived emotional value or for hedonist reasons Veneblian Effect:- Snob Effect Bandwagon Effect Hedonistic effect Type of effect Veneblian snob Bandwagon Hedonistic Coefficient 0. 517 0. 499 0. 274 0. 305. Inference:- As we can clearly observe from the above table that the veneblian effect is very prominent in all cases of interpersonal or personal effects. That means People tend to buy Luxury watches to show off of their Public and Social Status. Snob and Bandwagon effect follows Veneblian effect. 5. Regression Analysis to check whether long term demand for luxury watches is driven by brand image Research Question : Is it the brand image that drives the long term demand for that luxury brand? Hypothesis : Brand Image for lucury brands is responsible for the long term demand of these watches. Inference : Regression is insignificant with respect to the variables that drive brand image. Even the R^square value is 0. 071. Hence we can infer that brand image is not a good factor to explain the long term demand for luxury watches. 6. AMOS The default model is created based on exploratory factor analysis and taking research literature into account. Model Fit Summary Check: Cmin/DF 2-5 OK GFI 0. 9 Not OK PGFI0. 5 OK NFI,TLI,CFI0. 9 Not OK RMSEA max 0. 1 Not OK Model is comparatively fit as such But Goodness of fit index is not holding well. Validity Construct Reliability S No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Attributes Q4_1_attribute_social_status Q4_3_attribute_fashion_statement Q4_2_attribute_to_be_unique Q4_6_attribute_emotional_satisfaction Q4_9_attribute_brand_image Q5_9__attribute_calculator Q5_10_attribute_compass Q5_12_attribute_torch Q5_13_attribute_barometer Q5_3_attribute_dualclock Q5_4_attribute_altimeter Q5_2_attribute_alarm Q5_5_attribute_digital Q5_7_attribute_analog Q5_8_attribute_motionsensor Q5_16_attribute_warranty Q4_10_attribute_secon_time_brandpurchase Q4_4_attribute_premiumwatch_collection Q4_8_attribute_celebrity_endorsements. Constructs Error e1 e2 Delta 1. 028 1. 079 0. 608 0. 635 1. 282 1. 323 1. 687 1. 473 1. 793 1. 816 1. 032 2. 133 1. 407 1. 074 2. 078 0. 179 1. 402 1. 367 2. 019 Lambda 1 0. 67 0. 922 0. 884 0. 997 1 0. 912 0. 971 0. 774 1 1. 135 1. 005 1. 258 1 0. 876 0. 84 0. 403 1. 231 1 AVE CR Exclusivity e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 0. 81 0. 81 Tech_Savvy e8 e9 e14 0. 84 0. 68 Value_Added _Feature e15 e16 e17 e21 1. 22 0. 75 Reliability e22 e23 e26 0. 82 0. 69 Brand_Perce ption.

A Book Report Of Robinson Crus :: essays research papers

A Book Report of Robinson Crusoe By Daniel Defoe The Book Robinson Crusoe is an adventure story about a man named Robinson Crusoe who’s bad luck puts him alone on a desolate island. He has to survive through very tough conditions and keep his sanity. Throughout the book Crusoe question’s himself and his faith time and time again, "Why did god put me on this island all alone." His faith in god fluctuates all through the story. At one point he becomes ill and his faith in god becomes so great he starts to read the bible every morning and night. This book is one that keeps the reader attached to find out "what is going to happen next". The story begins when against his parents he sets out to sea. After being told by many he was not a sea worthy he kept moving on. Soon he finds himself a slave on a ship, but against the odds he escapes and starts a sugar plantation in Brazil. He sets out to sea once again but this time he is going to Africa to get slaves for his plantation. On his way he meets some bad luck and his ship gets wrecked. Crusoe, being the only survivor swims, to a island and is stuck there for 15 years before he finds other human life. During the 15 years he builds a home and tries to survive as best as he can. He keeps track of the days by writing in his journal. He also wonders why he was chosen by god to be the only survivor of the wreck and why he was put on this island alone. He soon finds other humans but with more bad luck he also finds out they are cannibals. He rescues some savages who were held captive by the cannibals and makes plans to leave the island by means of a man made boat. This is when he spots a ship offshore. The go out to the ship and find out there is a mutiny on board. They soon take control of the ship. The caption is so happy that takes Crusoe and his men back to England where he sells his plantain which since grew and becomes wealthy and marries. He went on one final voyage to the islands where he spent half of his life where there is promises of new adventures.

The Two-Minute Speech

Lasting roughly over two minutes, the Gettysburg Address is one of the best known speeches in American history. In the Gettysburg Address, author Abraham Lincoln puts hope into the hearts of Americans of a new nation brought up from the ashes of the American Civil War and the noble men that fought to preserve its belief in liberty and the equality of all men.Lincoln’s words deliver a sense of unity and wholehearted purpose among Americans in his Gettysburg Address. In the first paragraph, Lincoln states his belief that â€Å"all men are created equal†, an allusion to the Constitution. He is asserting that freedom of all men, including slaves, is backed by the law of the land. Lincoln never uses the words â€Å"I† or â€Å"you† to address his audience, but instead uses â€Å"we†, â€Å"our†, and â€Å"us†, to establish ethos and connect with the crowd before him and Americans in general–the North and the South.Moreover, he repeat edly says â€Å"we† throughout his speech to emphasize his goal for unity. In the third sentence of the third paragraph, Lincoln uses parallelism in â€Å"little† vs. â€Å"long† and â€Å"we say† vs. â€Å"they did† to make a point that the fight to defend their country’s values of liberty and freedom from their soldiers will not be forgotten. Again he reveres their nobility in the first sentence of the same paragraph , repeating â€Å"we cannot† in front of â€Å"dedicate†, â€Å"consecrate†, and â€Å"hallow† (â€Å"this groundâ€Å"), using hyphens between each statement to create emphasis. Lincoln builds up to his ultimate message, the climax of the paper: That Americans shall make it their duty to see that the rights of man which Union soldiers so righteously defended shall never again be neglected.He goes on by addressing â€Å"the great task remaining before [them]†, which is â€Å"that†¦weà ¢â‚¬  give as much devotion to the cause as those who died for it, â€Å"that we highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain†, and â€Å"that this nation†¦shall have a new birth of freedom†, creating, with this use of anaphora, and intensity that makes his listeners feel proud while also giving them a sense of purpose/cause. Finally, Lincoln uses asyndeton to close off his speech by affirming that government â€Å"of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth†, promising a  brighter future. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address reassured Americans that their soldiers did not die in vein, for the freedom and liberty of man would never cease to be defended.

Discussion Bill of Rights Essay

The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. The Bill of Rights lists freedoms not specifically identified in the main body of the Constitution. These freedoms are freedom of religion, freedom of speech, a free press, and free assembly; the right to keep and bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search and seizure, security in personal effects, and freedom from warrants issued without probable cause; indictment by a grand jury for any capital or â€Å"infamous crime†; guarantee of a speedy, public trial with an impartial jury; and prohibition of double jeopardy. In addition, the Bill of Rights reserves for the people any rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution and reserves all powers not specifically granted to the federal government to the people or the States. Originally the amendments applied only to the federal government, however, most were subsequently applied to the government of each state by way of the Fourteenth Amendment, through a process known as incorporation. On June 8, 1789 Representative James Madison introduced a series of thirty-nine amendments to the constitution in the House of Representatives. Among his recommendations Madison proposed opening up the Constitution and inserting specific rights limiting the power of Congress in Article One, Section 9. Seven of these limitations would became part of the ten ratified Bill of Rights amendments. Ultimately, on September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment to the Constitution and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison’s original proposal that the articles be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution, they were proposed as â€Å"supplemental† additions to it. On December 15, 1791, Articles Three–Twelve, having been ratified by the required number of states, became Amendments One–Ten of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights has had much judicial impact for 150 years of its  existence, but was the basis for many Supreme Court decisions of the 20th and 21st centuries. One of the first fourteen copies of the Bill of Rights is on public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.

Should You Use the Universal College App or the Common App

Should You Use the Universal College App or the Common App SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips For years, the Common Application (CA) was the only widely available application for use at multiple colleges. It was created in 1975, with 15 colleges in its first year. It still dominates the college application world, and today is used by more than 800 colleges and universities. However, back in 2007, the Universal College Application (UCA) was created, and now serves 18 colleges and universities. So what exactly are the differences between the CA and the UCA? Why do colleges use one, both, or neither? And which one should you use? We will explore these questions in this post and help you decide how to apply. CA vs UCA: A Centralized College Application Both the CA and UCAallow you to create a centralized college application- with your demographic information, extracurricular activities, and grades- and then send that application off to various colleges. This saves time since you don't have to fill out a separate application for every single college you apply to. The CA and UCAmostly serve private colleges,though there are exceptions. The reason for this is that most public universities have their own online admissions systems. Many colleges on the CA and UCA have what they call "supplements"- extra questions that their admissions offices use to evaluate candidates. The supplements can include anything from short questions ("describe yourself in five words") to additional essays. If colleges accept both applications, they don’t have a preference for one or the other. In other words, it won’t matter to them which one you use. While it’s far more likely you’ll use the CA simply because it serves so many more colleges, there are still some advantages to the UCA. So how do you decide which application system to use? Benefits of the Universal College Application First, let's take a look at the biggest pros of using the UCA: The Universal College App's interface is faster than the Common App's, and includes an auto-save feature, which can prevent you from losing progress and having to go back and fill something out again. Since the Universal App is newer and doesn’t serve as many applicants or colleges, you can expect to get technical assistance faster if you need it. Whether you run into a technical problem or have a question, you can expect a faster response from the UCA. You can edit your essay after you push the submit button with the UCA. Obviously, this won’t matter if you edit your essay in March, as the admissions officers will have seen it by then, but if you catch a small mistake a few days after submission, you’ll have the chance to change it. You can link to online content you’ve produced,such as a student newspaper or film project. Some schools are on the UCA but not the CA. These are the University of Charleston (WV) and Landmark College(all other UCA schools are also on the CA). Note that bothLandmark College and the University of Charleston will be available on the CAstarting this application cycle(2019-20). Drawbacks to the Universal College Application Now that we've seen the pros of the UCA, let's go over the biggest cons: The main downside to the Universal College Appis that not very many schools use it in comparison to the CA.True- it doesserve some big-name schools like Cornell, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, and Princeton. But the rest of the Ivy League, Stanford, MIT, and numerous other colleges aren’t on the UCA. For a complete list of schools, go to the UCA website. In most cases, if a college uses the Universal App, it’s also on the CommonApp, but not vice versa (except for the two exceptions we noted above). So for the majority of students, the Common Appis likely to be the more convenient option since it will give them the most flexibility when applying to college. It’s possible that if you decide to use the UCA but then decide after submitting some applications that you want to apply to a school that only uses the CA, you’ll end up having to fill out the CA anyway. If you start with the CA, it’s much less likely you’ll have to fill out a second application since so few schools are UCA-only. Benefits of the Common Application We've looked at the pros and cons of the UCA, but what about the CA? Here are the three biggest advantages: The biggest draw of the Common Appis that it represents more than 800schools! Because of this fact alone, many students use the CA even if they would prefer theUCA's interface and flexibility. Check out the Common App website to see the full list of schools it serves. Since the CA has been around for a long time, most high school teachers and guidance counselors are familiar with the CA and know how to fill out its various sections (including letters of recommendation and the counselor recommendation sections). With theCommon App account rollover feature, you can actually start your application early and roll the information you've filled out over to the next year's application when it opens on August 1. Drawbacks to the Common Application Just like the UCA, the Common App isn't perfect! Here are its biggest cons: The CA has a slower interface than UCA. The Common App launched a new version in 2014. Some students have found this format a bit confusing. For example, academic honors and extracurriculars are now filled out in subsections that are somewhat hard to find (the honors list is in the "Education" section, and the activities subsection is under "Activities"). These used to be more straightforward lists. It’s harder to retain certain formatting in essays since the "upload"feature is gone with the most recent edition. If you’re picky about how your essay is formatted, this could be a source of annoyance. The Common Appreceives thousands upon thousands of applications. For example, in2017-18, more than 1 million applicants used the CA. However, their staff isn’t that big, so if you have a technical problem, it might take some time to work it out. Definitely aim to submit your applications before their deadlines in case you run into any technical troubles. (And don’t be that student pressing the submit button at the last possible minute!) Unlike the Universal College App, you can’t make edits to the essay after submission. So don’t push "submit" until you are positive your essay is perfect! Colleges That Don’t Accept Eitherthe UCA or CA While the CA and UCA have become huge names in college admissions, there are still plenty of schools that don’t accept either application system. If you are applying to these schools, you might not even have to choose between the UCA and CA. Here are some notable schools that don’t use either the Universal College App or Common App: Georgetown University MIT Rutgers University University of California system (including UC Berkeley and UCLA) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Texas system (including UT Austin) Texas AM This is just a starter list. As a general rule, public universities tend to have their own systems. And some colleges on the CA and UCA also offer their own online application systems. To check whether a school is on the UCA or CA, simply go to the list of UCA schools and CA schools, and see if the school is on the list (use a ctrl + F to search quickly on the UCA or just use the search function for the CA). If you’re mostly applying to schools that don’t use the UCA or CA, for the few colleges you apply to that do use those applications, you might have a bit more flexibility. For example, say you’re a California resident applying mostly to public in-state schools, but you’re also applying to Harvard, Princeton, and Johns Hopkins as your reach schools. Since all three of those schools are on both the UCA and CA, you would be able to choose between the two applications based on your preferences. However, if your reach schools were Stanford and Yale, you would have to use the Common App, since neither of those schools uses the Universal College App. Bottom Line: Universal College Application vs Common App Given these pros and cons, which application system is the best choice for you- the Universal College Application or the Common Application? Definitely Use the Common Application If †¦ You are applying to schools that don’t accept the Universal College App and/or schools that are Common App only. This will likely be the case for the majority of students. Most or all of the schools you’re applying to require at least one letter of recommendation and essay. Since these features are required on the CA, it will simplify your application process to have them as required, rather than optional, components. Definitely Use the Universal College Application If †¦ You’re only applying to schools that accept the Universal College App (or some schools that take the UCA and some schools that don’t accept either the UCA or the CA) and you prefer the UCA’s interface. Final Tip For any school that you are interested in applying to, look it up on both the CA website and UCA website and note if it’s on the CA, the UCA, both, or neither. Once you narrow down your college application list, you candecide which application system will make it easier to apply to all the schools you’re interested in. What’s Next? Working on your college essay? Learn what not to do. Or, if you're looking for advice onACT/SAT essays, check out our step-by-step guides onhow to write the ACT essayandSAT essay. Think your SAT/ACT score should be higher? Learn what a good SAT/ACT score is for your target schools. Want to raise a low SAT Math score? Get expert tips from our full scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

5 Festive Ways to Avoid the Holiday Office Party

5 Festive Ways to Avoid the Holiday Office Party Here at TheJobNetwork, we strive to give the best career and professional advice to everyone so they can be one step closer to reaching success. But every now and then, you have to step back and face reality. Let’s be honest, sometimes laying on your couch and watching Netflix is infinitely more interesting than watching Carl from accounting get smashed and butcher your favorite songs over karaoke.   That being said, here are 5 festive ways to avoid the holiday office party, coming from someone who will not be going to his (I have an exam, I swear). 1. â€Å"Grandma got run over by a reindeer.†Based on  the hilarious song, create an elaborate excuse no one is going to take seriously, but hey, you’ll get an A+ for effort. Inform everyone in the office that your grandma was just hit by a reindeer, and you can’t attend the holiday party because you’re going to be too busy visiting her in the hospital- and then looking to give Rudolph some well-dese rved justice.2.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"My son needs the new turbo man doll.†Jingle All the Way wasn’t Schwarzenegger’s best film, but it sure does give you a valid excuse for missing the holiday office party. Tell the entire office that your son, daughter, brother, or sister wants the hottest selling toy on the market and you have to run out of the office to go join the bloodbath at  the mall. Extra points if you have the guts to give your excuse while doing  the Schwarzenegger accent.3.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I killed Santa Claus so I have to take his place.†Based off of Tim Allen’s classic 1994 film The Santa Clause, you’ve got more important things to do than watching David from finance ruin his career by getting too drunk, like delivering presents to every boy and girl in the world†¦ because you accidentally killed Santa Claus. Hey, your boss might not believe, but guess what: his kid is getting a lump of coal for Christmas anyway, hah!4. â€Å"I left m y 8 year old at home†¦.alone.†Sure, this one makes you look super irresponsible and your boss might actually view you as incompetent, but this is probably the most realistic excuse you’ll be able to give from this list. Let’s hope this is just an excuse and your kid isn’t actually home alone messing around with criminals.5.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"I just found out I have a son from the North Pole†Gotta run, apparently I had a son 30 years ago who grew up as an elf in the North Pole, and now he’s back and needs my love. I’ll be in the gum drop forest if you need me, aka the Lincoln Tunnel. What do you mean you don’t believe me? You know what? Go elf yourself!

Social Psychology - Social Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Psychology - Social Research - Essay Example People always strive for mastery, which means they try to comprehend and forecast events in the social world in order to obtain encouragement. They enjoy feeling experienced and effective and will do their best to obtain these feelings. And on the contrary they are likely to avoid situations that exclude obtaining them. People are apt to seek connectedness, i.e. they look for support, love, and acceptance from those who surround them. Due to this groups they care about and value usually make people behave in a manner to liking from representatives of such groups. People value "me and mine" that means they wish to see themselves - as well as other people and groups they like - in a positive light. It makes people collect and remember information in the support of this positive motivation, and neglect or simply miss information that proves the opposite (Smith and Mackie, 1995). Each of these principles provides a number of effective tools that can be applied to nearly all spheres of human life to explain the interconnection between a wide variety of factors that influence behavior of an individual or a group.